PENDEKATAN SISTEM UNTUK MEMAHAMI PENDEKATAN ORGANISASI: SEBUAH PERSPEKTIF UNTUK AGENDA DIAGNOSTIC READING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35880/.v9i2.4Abstract
One of the mandatory agendas in Leadership Training in Indonesia is Diagnostic Reading, where participants
are trained to be able to analyse problems in their own organizations using appropriate metholodology.
Diagnostic Reading as a body of knowledge is originally derived from Organizational theories, thus it is imperative
to comprehend the development of Organizational Theory from the beginning to present day. The development
of modern Organizational Theory relies a lot on complexity theory and systems theory, where an organization is
seen as a system which behaves adaptively in the face of rapid changes in its environment. This paper elaborates
principles of System Theory and it relationship with complexity, characteristics of systems, and recent development
of systems approach which are widely used in various disciplines, including in Diagnostic Reading agenda. The
paper uses explanatory method to describe the use of systems approach in organizations, especially for the
purpose of analyzing problems in organizations.
References
Asproth, Viveca. et al, 2006. Complexity
Challenges of Regional Planning and Design, in
System Thinking and Complexity Science: Insight for
Action. Proceeding of the 11th ANZSYS/Managing the
complex V Conference (Christchurch, New Zealand).
ISCE Publishing, Mansfield, USA.
Checkland and Haynes, 1994. Varieties of Systems
Thinking : a Case of Soft Systems Methodology . System
Dynamics Review, Vol 10: 2-3. Cambridge.
Flynn, Patrice. 2003. Complexity Science : A
Conceptual Framework For Making Connections-
Denver. Piton Foundation, available at : www.
flynnresearch.dom.
Forrester, Jay W. 1971. Principles of Systems.
Portland : Wright-Allen Press.
Goldstein, Jeffrey. 1999. Emergence as a Construct:
Hystory and Issue, in Emergence, Vol 1(1):49-72.
Kirilyuk, A.P. 1999. Unreduced Dynamic Complexity,
Causally Complete Ecology, and Realistic Transition to
the Superior Level of Life. Report presented at the
conference “Nature, Society and History”, Vienna.
Kirilyuk, A.P. 2001. Universal Dynamic Complexity
as the Basis for Theoritic Ecology and Unified
Civilisation Transition to Creative Global Sustainability.
Report presented at The Global Change Open Science
Conference, Amsterdam.
Laegaard and Bindslev. 2006. Organizational
Theory. Ventus Publishing, downloadable at:
bookbooN.com
Lane, David C. 2001a. Rerum Cognoscere Causas:
Part I-How do the Ideas of System Dynamics Relate
to Traditional Social Theories and the Voluntarism/
Determinism Debate? in System Dynamics Review
Vol. 17(2):97-118. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lane, David C. 2001b. Rerum Cognoscere Causas:
Part II-Opportunities Generated by the Agency/
Structure Debate and Suggestions for Clarifying the
Social Theoritic Position of System Dynamics, in System
Dynamics Review Vol. 17(4):293-309. John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd.
Mulej, Matjaz. 2005. Complexity Theory in Five
Main Systems Theory Stream, in Systems Thinking and
Complexity Science: Insight for Action. Proceeding of
the 11th ANZSYS/Managing the Complex V Conference,
Christchurch, New Zealand. ISCE publishing, Mansfield,
USA.
Neuman, W.L. 2000. Social Research Methods:
Qualitative and Quantitative Approach. Allyn and
Bacon, Boston.
OECD Report. 2009. Applications of Complexity
Science for Public Policy: New Tools for Finding
Unanticipated Consequences and Unrealized
Opportunities. Report based on OECD Global Science
Forum workshop convened on October 5-7, 2008 at
the Ettore Majorana International Centre for Scientific
Culture, Erice, Sicily.
Randers, Jorgen, ed. 1980. Elements of the
System Dynamics Method. The MIT Press, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
Reynolds, P. D.1971. A Primer In Theory
Construction. Macmillan, New York.
Richmond, Barry. 1994. Systems thinking/system
dynamics : let’s just get on with it. Systems Dynamic
Review Vol. 10 nos 2-3, John Wiley & Sons.
Saeed, Khalid. 1986. Minds Over Methods. In
System Dynamics Review 2(2):150-156. System
Dynamics Society.
Schon, Donald A. 1983. The Reflective Practitioner:
How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books, USA.
Senge, Peter M. (1990), The Fifth Discipline: The
Art & Practice of The Learning Organization, Currency
and Doubleday, New York.
Sterman, John D. (2000), Business Dynamics,
Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World.
The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, Boston.
Vazquez, Margarita dan Liz, Manuel. 2005. System
Dynamics and Philosophy: A Constructivist and
Expressivist Approach. Universidad La Laguna, Santa
Cruz de Tenerife, Espana.
Yang, Chun-Xia, et.al. 2013. Organization Theories:
From Classical to Modern. Journal of Applied Sciences
(21): 4470-4476. Asian Network for Scientific
Organization.
